![]() Afterwards, the DSBs can be repaired in two major patterns: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). A crucial step in genome editing is the introduction of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at the target loci. The efficient genetic editing tools and methods are essential for rapid engineering cellular metabolism and robustness toward efficient synthesis of product of interest. cerevisiae with numerous advanced genetic tools and biological devices. In spite of so many excellent properties, it is still challenging in engineering these non-conventional yeasts due to serious lack of genetic editing tools in compared with the modeling yeast S. ![]() thermomethanolica, facilitate the process efficiency at higher temperatures such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, thus saving the cooling water and process time. lipolytica has the high ability to transform the carbon sources into cellular lipids. Kluyveromyces lactis is widely used in food and feed industries because of its ability to metabolize lactose and high protein secretion. thermomethanolica, are typically used for heterologous protein production, due to their high-efficient heterogeneous protein secretion and glycosylation. polymorpha have complete xylose metabolic pathways, so that they are widely used for ethanol fermentation from biomass hydrolysates containing xylose and glucose. The specific natural characteristics of non-conventional yeasts, such as Scheffersomyces ( Pichia) stipitis, Komagataella phaffii ( Pichia pastoris), Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha, Kluyveromyces lactis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Ogataea thermomethanolica, can bring great advantage for specific bioproduction processes. ![]() cerevisiae have increasingly attracted great attention for production of fine chemicals, oils and recombinant proteins. However, a number of non-conventional yeasts with different evolutionary distance to S. Owing to its distinguished tolerance of harsh cultivating conditions and convenient genetic manipulation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae becomes the most outstanding cell factory for manufacturing of vast chemicals, biofuels and natural products. Yeasts are extensively used for industrial bioprocesses and fundamental research with a long history. ![]()
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